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To create methylcellulose, the cellulose molecules undergo a process called methylation. This transformation involves treating cellulose with methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate in the presence of a strong base, usually sodium hydroxide. The methyl groups (-CH3) are introduced to the hydroxyl (-OH) groups present on the cellulose, effectively modifying the structure of the polymer. The result is a product that retains some of the properties of cellulose but is now soluble in cold water, making it an ideal compound for various applications.